Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) is a sexually transmitted disease that can be passed from partner to partner, mother to child, or through blood exchange using infected syringes. AIDS symptoms might vary depending on characteristics such as age, gender, and physical activity. Headaches, muscle and joint discomfort, rashes, diarrhoea, weight loss, coughing, night sweats, sore throat, stomatitis, swollen lymph nodes, malaise, oral yeast infections, shingles (herpes zoster), and lung infections are all common symptoms. The Food and medication Administration (FDA) of the United States authorised Lenacapavir, a novel AIDS therapy medication, in 2022. Lenacapavir is a capsid inhibitor available in tablet and injection form that directly targets the Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 (HIV-1) Capsid Protein. Various research and papers, like the Capella study, which assessed the safety and efficacy of subcutaneous Lenacapavir, were used to assess the safety and efficacy of Lenacapavir. The Calibrate study shed light on the absence of phenotypic resistance to Lenacapavir in HIV Gag cleavage site mutants and isolates resistant to existing medication classes. These studies also included data from a proof-of-concept clinical research on HIV patients examining phenotypic resistance to Lenacapavir and its efficacy as a monotherapy. The approval of Lenacapavir represents a viable new therapy option for those living with HIV. Its method of action, as well as promising safety and efficacy results from numerous studies, offer hope for better outcomes in the treatment of this severe disease.

COVID-19 primarily impacts the respiratory system, with neurological manifestations often being thrombotic and affecting the nervous system. However, the specific presentation of demyelinating manifestations remains less clearly defined. While recent research has established a connection between COVID-19 and Guillain-Barré syndrome-a complex neurological disorder characterised by acute or chronic degeneration-the extent of this association and the distinctive features of GBS within this context remain uncertain. In this report, we present the case of acute GBS suspected to be induced by a COVID-19 infection. Notably, this patient did not exhibit any preceding respiratory, gastrointestinal, or systemic illnesses. Consequently, this case underlines the critical importance of acknowledging the potential risk of Guillain-Barré Syndrome following a COVID-19 infection, making a significant contribution to raising awareness about this potential association.

Bladder Exstrophy is an anomaly that is uncommon from birth and influences various aspects of the urinary tract, genitals, pelvis, and anus. The defining characteristic of this condition is the abnormal development of the bladder outside the fetal body. Clinical signs in affected individuals often include the bladder being exposed from the abdomen, a flattened puborectalis sling, separation of the pubic symphysis, and ulcers in the bladder mucosa, urine dribbling, and skin excoriation. The primary treatment for bladder exstrophy typically involves surgery, tailored to the severity of the condition. In one case, a female child was passing urine through her navel instead of the urethra. Following a confirmed diagnosis, a single-stage repair was recommended for the exstrophied bladder. However, before a scheduled follow-up appointment, the patient’s stitches ruptured, resulting in urine leakage from the operated site and pus discharge from the urethra. Based on the patient’s complaints and laboratory results, a diagnosis of acute kidney injury and urinary tract infection in the context of bladder exstrophy was established, leading to the plan for a resuturing surgery. It’s important to note that the risk of bladder exstrophy is increased when the mother is exposed to smoking and radiation during the first trimester of pregnancy. Bladder exstrophy in a female child is a rare and complex congenital condition that necessitates a multidisciplinary approach for diagnosis, management, and long-term care.

This case report presents the challenging clinical scenario of a middle-aged male patient with a decade-long history of psychiatric illness on chronic neuroleptic therapy. The patient’s symptoms initially manifested as tremors a year ago, subsequently progressing to resting tremors, head titubation, and impaired mobility. Typically, Drug-Induced Parkinsonism (DIP) occurs within three months of initiating neuroleptic treatment, this case presents a unique and prolonged timeline, raising questions about the underlying aetiology complexed with patients’ imaging studies revealing age related atrophy. The bilateral and symmetrical motor signs observed align with DIP characteristics, although studies report asymmetrical signs, introducing diagnostic complexities. This case emphasizes the need for further research on understanding the effect of chronic neuroleptic use, age-related structural alterations, and the potential unmasking of underlying Parkinsonism for improving diagnostic accuracy and tailoring effective management strategies for patients with similar challenging presentations.